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Exercise Science

Citing Sources

Be sure to check with your professor when unsure of which citation style to use. 

If you need help structuring your citations, check out the style manual or consider using citation managers, which are linked below.

Remember: you always have the most control over the accuracy of your citations when you do it by hand using the selected style manual. Check any automatically generated citations for correctness. 

APA Citation Basics

The current American Psychological Association (APA) style manual is the 7th edition (2020).


A copy of the APA style manual is available in the Reference area at the Research Help Desk on the first floor of the Guerrieri Academic Commons.

Book by a single author

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher name. DOI.

Example:

Tomlinson, B. (2010). Greening through IT: information technology for environmental sustainability. MIT Press.

Note: DOI may not always be applicable. 

Article from a journal

With a DOI

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Year). Title of the article. Journal titlevolume number (issue number), pages. DOI or URL

Example:

Mehl, S. (2021). Why Linguists Should Care about Digital Humanities (and Epidemiology). Journal of English Linguistics49(3), 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242211019072

Article from a magazine

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Date of publication). Title of the article. Magazine Title, volume number(issue), page numbers. DOI or URL if applicable

Example:

Groff, L. (2022, July/August). Beach Bummer. Atlantic330(1), 79-81.

Article from a newspaper

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Date of publication). Title of the article. Newspaper Titlevolume, page numbers. Discontinuous pages are separated by commas

Example:

Jewett, C. (2022, Aug 17). Over-the-counter sales of hearing aids to start soon FDA ruling lifts requirement for patients to get medical exam, prescription. The Baltimore Sun, pp. A.14.

Website

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Date of document or date of last revision, if known). Title of page. URL

Note: If there is no author listed, you can use the organization, as seen below.

Note: Add in "retrieved [date]" if you think the information is likely to change over time. 

Example:

Salisbury University. (2022). SU's Mission and Values. Retrieved August 17, 2022 from https://www.salisbury.edu/discover-su/mission-values.aspx.

Book by single author

Format: Author last name comma first initial period open parenthesis year close parenthesis period title of book italicized period publisher name period doi

Example:

Tomlinson comma B period open parenthesis 2010 close parenthesis Italicized Greening through IT colon information technology for environmental sustainability period MIT press period

Article from a journal

Format: Author's last name comma first initial period open parenthesis Year close parenthesis period Title of the article period Italicized journal title comma italicized volume number open parenthesis issue number close parenthesis comma pages period DOI or URL

Example:

Mehl comma S period open parenthesis 2021 close parenthesis period Why Linguists Should Care about Digital Humanities  open parenthesis and Epidemiology close parenthesis. period italicized Journal of English Linguistics comma 49 end italicized open parenthesis 3 close parenthesis comma 331–337 period https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242211019072

Article from a magazine

Format: Author's last name comma first initial period open parenthesis Date of publication close parenthesis period Title of the article period italicized Magazine Title comma italicized volume number open parenthesis issue close parenthesis comma page numbers period DOI or URL if applicable

Example:

Groff comma L period open parenthesis 2022 comma July slash August close parenthesis period Beach Bummer period italicized Atlantic comma 330 open parenthesis 1 close parenthesis comma 79 dash 81 period

Article from a newspaper

Format: Author's last name comma first initial period open parenthesis Date of publication close parenthesis period Title of the article period italicized Newspaper Title comma italicized volume comma page numbers period Discontinuous pages are separated by commas

Example:

Jewett comma C period open parenthesis 2022 comma Aug 17 close parenthesis period Over-the-counter sales of hearing aids to start soon FDA ruling lifts requirement for patients to get medical exam, prescription period The Baltimore Sun comma pp period A period 14 period

Website

Format: Author's last name comma first initial period open parenthesis Date of document or date of last revision, if known close parenthesis period Title of page period URL

Note: If there is no author listed, you can use the organization, as seen below.

Note: Add in "retrieved [date]" if you think the information is likely to change over time. 

Example:

Salisbury University period open parenthesis 2022 close parenthesis period SU's Mission and Values period Retrieved August 17 comma 2022 from https://www.salisbury.edu/discover-su/mission-values.aspx.