When you consider using a book as a supporting source, ask yourself the following questions to help you assess what type of publication you are reading:
- Who is the intended audience?
- What authority does the author have to write on the topic covered? Is the author a freelance writer? A practitioner? A scholar?
- What is the author's point of view (or of the publisher as a whole)?
- Who published the material and why are they publishing this information?
- Does the type of information provided meet my research needs?
- Is the information provided relevant to my topic or research question?
Popular |
Substantive |
Scholarly |
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These books appeal to a non-scholarly readership.
- Might include fiction or nonfiction.
- Authors might include fiction writers, journalists, and scholars.
- generally do not include extensive references to sources used, particularly scholarly sources.
- Example: New York Times best sellers are popular publications.
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Offer more in-depth coverage of current and historical events than popular titles and
- Targeted at audience who have no specialized training in an area but who want more depth than a popular publication can offer.
- The authors can be a mix of journalists, people who work in a field, and academics.
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Also known as academic, refereed, or peer-reviewed, these publications offer in-depth research for an academic audience.
- Authors are researchers or scholars in the discipline. These books usually include a discussion of research methods, data, and full references to sources (footnotes or bibliography).
- Books are written for other researchers and scholars and often published by university presses.
- Usually the topics covered are very specialized and very specific.
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Credit: Content adapted from Tuft University Library's Evaluating Books guide page.