You always have the most control over your citations. Always be sure to double check the citations you create - either by hand or with a citation management system - with the citation manuals or other trusted resources.
Format | Example | |
Author's last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume number (issue number), pages. | Carter, K. (1995). Teaching stories and local understandings. Journal of Educational Research, 88(6), 326-330. | |
Online | Author's last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the article. Journal Title, volume number (issue number), pages. DOI or URL | Ke, F., & Hoadley, C. (2009). Evaluating online learning communities. Educational Technology Research & Development, 57(4), 487-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-009-9120-2 |
Format | Example | |
Author's last name, Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the book. Publisher name. | Veletsianos, G. (2020). Learning online: The student experience. Johns Hopkins University Press. | |
eBook | Author last name, first initial. (Year). Book title. Publisher. DOI or URL. | Chaffe-Stengel, P., & Stengel, D. (2012). Working with sample data: Exploration and inference. Business Expert Press. https://doi.org/10.4128/9781606492147 |
Format | Example | |
Website | Author last name, first initial. (Date). Title of page. Host site. URL | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). What is health literacy? https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html |
Format | Example | |
Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Year;volume(issue #): pages. | Wormser GP, Ramanathan R, Nowakowski J, et al. Duration of antibiotic therapy for early Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:697-705. | |
Online | Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Year;volume(issue #): pages. DOI or URL. Accessed date (if using URL). | Florez HR, Martinez RL. Outdoor exercise reduces the risk of hypovitaminosis D in the obese. J Steroid Biochem Mol Bio. 2007;103(3-5):679-681. doi:10.1016 /j.jsbmb.2006.12.032. |
Format | Example | |
Book | Author. Book Title. Edition # (unless it's the first or only edition). City, State or Country of Publisher: Publisher's Name; publication year. | Goldberg L, Elliot DL. Exercise for Prevention and Treatment of Illness. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Co; 1994. |
Chapter of an edited volume | Author. Book Chapter. In: Editor, ed. Book Title. Edition # (unless it's the first or only edition). City, State or Country of Publisher: Publisher's Name; publication year: page range. | Gamble VN. On becoming a physician: a dream not deferred. In: White EC, ed. The Black Women's Health Book: Speaking for Ourselves. Seattle, Wash: Seal Press; 1990:52-64. |
Format | Example | |
Website | Author. Title. Name of Website. URL. Accessed date. | Carlson SJ. Step up your activity to help lower risk of diabetes. Mayo Clinic website. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-blog/lower-diabetes-risk-withactivity/bgp-20142203. Published June 4, 2015. Accessed August 20, 2017. |
Note: The name of the organization who made the website can be used in place of an author name or website name when they are not available.